1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/CPU mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by CPUs, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
bitcoin shop bitcoin xbt бот bitcoin boom bitcoin bitcoin программа
stats ethereum
course bitcoin neo bitcoin cgminer ethereum bitcoin scrypt bitcoin ethereum bitcoin luxury
icon bitcoin ethereum ico That could spell the end of Bitcoin, but even a so-called 51% attack would probably not enable the bad actors to reverse old transactions, because the proof of work requirement makes that process so labor-intensive. To go back and alter the blockchain, a pool would need to control such a large majority of the network that it would probably be pointless. When you control the whole currency, who is there to trade with?ethereum 1070 monero blockchain bitcoin проект casper ethereum keystore ethereum казино bitcoin bitcoin euro bitcoin автомат trade cryptocurrency bitcoin start bitcoin проверить
So step into the bazaar and give it a try...bitcoin flapper arbitrage cryptocurrency автомат bitcoin математика bitcoin fasterclick bitcoin 10000 bitcoin
bitcoin ubuntu
ставки bitcoin
iobit bitcoin flappy bitcoin bitcoin trader the ethereum покупка bitcoin bitcoin crypto exchange ethereum создать bitcoin bitcoin airbitclub bitcoin course bitcoin вложить покупка bitcoin видео bitcoin wikipedia ethereum To eliminate gatekeeping, and allow anyone to use the system without permission; this achieves maximum growth and success of the software.смесители bitcoin bitcoin кошелек bitcoin iso ecdsa bitcoin
6000 bitcoin bitcoin xpub валюта tether bitcoin favicon bitcoin elena боты bitcoin bitcoin курсы pow bitcoin адрес ethereum сервисы bitcoin пулы bitcoin
blocks bitcoin bitcoin доходность ethereum rig While some other tangible commodities do have intrinsic value, that value is generally much less than its trading price. Consider for example that gold, if it were not used as an inflation-proof store of value, but rather only for its industrial uses, would certainly not be worth what it is today, since the industrial requirements for gold are far smaller than the available supply thereof.кошелек tether cubits bitcoin ethereum web3 monero fork boom bitcoin ico cryptocurrency bitcoin easy coingecko bitcoin bitcoin paw
деньги bitcoin bitcoin rt bitcoin cpu monero ann game bitcoin second bitcoin bitcoin code 1 ethereum bitcoin traffic metal bitcoin bitcoin обменять вебмани bitcoin Running an Avalon6 (or Any Bitcoin Mining Machine) Not for Profit?adc bitcoin будущее bitcoin взломать bitcoin market bitcoin short bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin cryptocurrency wallet polkadot stingray debian bitcoin
торги bitcoin bitcoin kz Updated on December 02, 2020bitcoin registration bitcoin скачать bitcoin vip express bitcoin bitcoin easy bitcoin buying
bitcoin котировки moon bitcoin wallets cryptocurrency bitcoin dance отзыв bitcoin
bitcoin linux
config bitcoin hashrate bitcoin bitcoin сервера конец bitcoin
bitcoin linux bitcoin bounty
coin bitcoin usa bitcoin block bitcoin портал bitcoin ethereum логотип bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin миллионеры
golden bitcoin
bitcoin книга bitcoin news blocks bitcoin bitcoin work goldmine bitcoin zebra bitcoin cms bitcoin bitcoin игры bitcoin global usb tether bitcoin tm blogspot bitcoin dark bitcoin surf bitcoin monero bitcointalk bitcoin in пример bitcoin bitcoin мошенники перспективы ethereum blitz bitcoin ethereum вывод ethereum 1080 monero обмен bistler bitcoin in bitcoin bitcoin iso bitcoin государство bitcoin майнить statistics bitcoin ethereum ico bitcoin продам loan bitcoin 'Bitcoin is P2P electronic cash that is valuable over legacy systems because of the monetary autonomy it brings to its users through decentralization. Bitcoin seeks to address the root problem with conventional currency: all the trust that’s required to make it work . Not that justified trust is a bad thing, but trust makes systems brittle, opaque, and costly to operate. Trust failures result in systemic collapses, trust curation creates inequality and monopoly lock-in, and naturally arising trust choke-points can be abused to deny access to due process.Massive popularity in troubled emerging economies.видеокарты bitcoin виталий ethereum
bitcoin анимация серфинг bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin пример bitcoin mikrotik bitcoin monero ico monero minergate эмиссия ethereum bitcoin комиссия bitcoin usb bitcoin s fpga ethereum курс ethereum blitz bitcoin ethereum twitter credit bitcoin график bitcoin bitcoin перевод CRYPTObitcoin explorer ethereum котировки bitcoin supernova ethereum
bitcoin blue bitcoin attack usb tether cryptocurrency это bitcoin twitter
monero биржи sberbank bitcoin forecast bitcoin token ethereum bitcoin poker lightning bitcoin bitcoin автоматом курс ethereum bitcoin xpub
ethereum bitcoin заработок bitcoin scrypt ethereum контракт форум bitcoin bitcoin half icons bitcoin generator bitcoin bitcoin server segwit bitcoin ethereum raiden ico monero алгоритм ethereum
bitcoin machine валюта tether китай bitcoin ethereum programming bitcoin рбк usb bitcoin bitcoin yen
bitcoin ваучер
форумы bitcoin
importprivkey bitcoin bitcoin cli bitcoin 10 ethereum стоимость -Charles Vollumkeys bitcoin bitcoin usb bitcoin price bitcoin asics dance bitcoin ethereum siacoin ltd bitcoin bitcoin code bitcoin like bitcoin bounty bitcoin neteller комиссия bitcoin skrill bitcoin tether usd сайты bitcoin bitcoin 5 lazy bitcoin bitcoin multiplier is bitcoin platinum bitcoin курс bitcoin
кран ethereum
bitcoin s click bitcoin auto bitcoin bitcoin hype bitcoin wallet
bitcoin neteller joker bitcoin bitcoin кран ethereum покупка bitcoin future bitcoin hardfork bitcoin инвестиции bitcoin xpub bitcoin maps goldsday bitcoin lurkmore bitcoin ethereum supernova gadget bitcoin rush bitcoin bitcoin 2018 bitcoin biz masternode bitcoin blocks bitcoin bitcoin стратегия nicehash monero bitcoin чат fake bitcoin майнинга bitcoin bag bitcoin bitcoin книги coin bitcoin bitcoin desk ios bitcoin fox bitcoin bitcoin icon rotator bitcoin
платформ ethereum bitcoin проект bitcoin transaction bitcoin xl
wallet tether monero валюта bitcoin reindex bitcoin traffic monero free keystore ethereum delphi bitcoin bitcoin department bitcoin прогноз
bitcoin crush андроид bitcoin monero курс monero ico bitcoin компьютер qr bitcoin bitcoin аналоги bitcoin автоматически cryptocurrency calendar bitcoin депозит
1080 ethereum japan bitcoin bitcoin торговать bitcoin carding trinity bitcoin
ethereum покупка
monero краны ethereum install продажа bitcoin ethereum telegram bitcoin автокран bitcoin login gadget bitcoin matteo monero котировка bitcoin bitcoin кран gek monero It is also the most practical entry point; before taking a flyer and risking hard-earned value, take the time to understand bitcoin and then use that knowledge to evaluate the field. There is no promise that you will come to the same conclusions, but more often than not, those who take the time to intuitively understand how and why bitcoin works more easily recognize the flaws inherent in the field. And even if not, starting with bitcoin remains your best hope of making an informed and independent assessment. Ultimately, bitcoin is not about making money and it’s not a get-rich-quick scheme; it is fundamentally about storing the value you have already created, and no one should risk that without a requisite knowledge base. Within the world of digital currencies, bitcoin has the longest track record to assess and the greatest amount of resources to educate, which is why bitcoin is the best tool to learn.кран bitcoin основатель ethereum валюта tether bitcoin weekly
cryptocurrency это кошелька bitcoin monero hashrate rbc bitcoin перспективы bitcoin explorer ethereum инструкция bitcoin bitcoin atm bitcoin wallet ethereum пулы зарегистрироваться bitcoin биржи bitcoin Banking Systemsbitcoin double Random Walk. The success event is the honest chain being extended by one block, increasing itsфорки ethereum But there has been progress. Hundreds of dapps exist today on Ethereum, ranging from a Twitter replacement to a decentralized virtual reality game. Many are slow and difficult to use, but they give a taste of the potential for decentralized apps in the long term. Developers hope Ethereum 2.0, a long-awaited upgrade that officially started being rolled out on Dec. 1, 2020, will ease these problems in the coming years. рост ethereum
играть bitcoin bitcoin earn bistler bitcoin
bitcoin masters blender bitcoin ethereum wikipedia ethereum github app bitcoin bitcoin sportsbook
bitcoin принцип bitcoin atm акции bitcoin capitalization bitcoin sberbank bitcoin erc20 ethereum bitcoin motherboard
british bitcoin eth ethereum скачать bitcoin
обмен bitcoin keys bitcoin bitcoin описание nodes bitcoin запросы bitcoin bitcoin antminer обсуждение bitcoin bitcoin blockstream взлом bitcoin etoro bitcoin биржи bitcoin биржи bitcoin bitcoin продам кран ethereum
bitcoin in bitcoin maps приложение tether банкомат bitcoin bitcoin chains bitcoin терминал монета ethereum программа bitcoin bitcoin farm stock bitcoin battle bitcoin
bitcoin putin
ethereum заработок сделки bitcoin block ethereum ethereum видеокарты x2 bitcoin bitcoin проект
bitcoin пулы биржа bitcoin ethereum аналитика
bitcoin motherboard bitcoin protocol bitcoin donate nicehash bitcoin сборщик bitcoin monero dwarfpool up bitcoin кошель bitcoin трейдинг bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты подтверждение bitcoin ethereum game bitcoin valet de bitcoin masternode bitcoin скрипты bitcoin ethereum dao перевод ethereum forum bitcoin moto bitcoin cubits bitcoin bitcoin pay bitcoin api unconfirmed bitcoin unconfirmed monero
ethereum news сайт ethereum bitcoin trinity boom bitcoin
bitcoin charts проект ethereum bistler bitcoin ethereum валюта mikrotik bitcoin
cranes bitcoin bonus bitcoin bitcoin книга monero transaction Although not especially common or popular, sound wallets are another way to secure virtual currency tokens. The sound wallet technology involves keeping the private keys in encrypted sound files in products such as Compact Discs (CD’s) and vinyl disks. The code hidden in these audio files can be deciphered using a spectroscope app or high-resolution spectroscope.cryptocurrency calendar local ethereum 'In order for someone to participate in an ICO on the ETH platform, one would have to buy ETH coin in order to partake; therefore simple economics of supply and demand come into play resulting in an increase in price.'bitcoin png trust bitcoin
bitcoin 4pda график bitcoin ethereum ферма konvert bitcoin бот bitcoin p2pool bitcoin bitcoin stock bitcoin покер ethereum btc nicehash monero bitcoin swiss
download tether
bitcoin продам
get bitcoin bazar bitcoin bitcoin xapo q bitcoin
cryptocurrency nem goldmine bitcoin ethereum github bitcoin портал
bitcoin de The Ethereum network took the blockchain concept from Bitcoin and looked to build on it for incorruptible contracts and Dapps (decentralized applications). In order to help further secure the Ethereum platform, Ether was created as its recognized currency.ethereum валюта 33 bitcoin
bitcoin блок bitcoin оборот bitcoin sha256 курс ethereum alpha bitcoin options bitcoin vk bitcoin withdraw bitcoin ethereum casper monero bitcointalk ферма bitcoin sha256 bitcoin plasma ethereum
monero калькулятор circle bitcoin eos cryptocurrency ethereum получить сайте bitcoin ethereum обмен electrum bitcoin
ethereum wikipedia ethereum addresses bitcoin flip Despite the linear currency issuance, just like with Bitcoin over time the supply growth rate nevertheless tends to zerobitcoin зарабатывать
currency bitcoin bitcoin gadget ethereum пул bitcoin 1000 day bitcoin bitcoin карты bitcoin weekly bitcoin упал ethereum contract bitcoin работать testnet ethereum bitcoin алматы ферма ethereum
bitcoin strategy bitcoin up котировка bitcoin
moneybox bitcoin bitcoin status bux bitcoin 33 bitcoin
кошель bitcoin bitcoin орг erc20 ethereum monero fr bitcoin easy bitcoin сбербанк япония bitcoin bitcoin кошелька ethereum asics bitcoin apple bitcoin sberbank cryptocurrency market bitcoin видео bitcoin прогноз gek monero bitcoin картинки testnet bitcoin
debian bitcoin bitcoin puzzle bitcoin mastercard flypool ethereum lazy bitcoin bitcoin ваучер bitcoin обозначение bitcoin бонусы bitcoin что apple bitcoin bitcoin faucets proxy bitcoin bitcoin hunter банкомат bitcoin алгоритм monero ethereum метрополис заработать monero ethereum игра пулы bitcoin hashrate bitcoin bitcoin location ethereum homestead ethereum хешрейт
Bitcoin’s unique requirements, such as security and custody, have bumped-up fees for services offered through IRA accounts. IRA custodians working with cryptocurrency must also be prepared to take on additional reporting duties with the IRS, which may end up translating to higher fees for investors.bitcoin instagram lamborghini bitcoin bitcoin click алгоритм bitcoin bitcoin word bitcoin store bitcoin pay bitcoin life What is SegWit and How it Works Explainedbitcoin рост bitcoin blue monero 1060 bitcoin матрица bitcoin analytics scrypt bitcoin bitcoin dynamics tether bitcointalk monero difficulty bitcoin бот They are volatile: unexpected changes in market sentiment can lead to sharp and sudden moves in price. It is not uncommon for the value of cryptocurrencies to quickly drop by hundreds, if not thousands of dollars.monero pool ethereum рост 50 bitcoin js bitcoin токены ethereum проекта ethereum india bitcoin cryptonator ethereum
amazon bitcoin
ethereum кран claymore monero вики bitcoin autobot bitcoin In other words, using blockchain for supply chain management work allows you to fish for the information you need and reel in the right answers every time.alpari bitcoin ethereum виталий ethereum investing rus bitcoin
bitcoin рейтинг
стоимость ethereum cubits bitcoin bitcoin сатоши carding bitcoin bitcoin криптовалюта
купить bitcoin bitcoin конвертер 6000 bitcoin secp256k1 ethereum claim bitcoin monero краны bubble bitcoin jaxx bitcoin ethereum supernova alpha bitcoin trezor bitcoin обменять monero dark bitcoin форк bitcoin cryptocurrency trading ethereum сложность monero xeon
bitcoin luxury bitcoin автосборщик bitcoin приват24 ethereum обмен cold bitcoin bitcoin trezor bitcoin рубль bitcoin cny bitcoin 2017 nicehash bitcoin pos bitcoin брокеры bitcoin clicks bitcoin solo bitcoin заработок ethereum prune bitcoin bitcoin king bio bitcoin bitcoin кликер bitcoin source карты bitcoin bitcoin tools
reddit cryptocurrency виталик ethereum краны monero ethereum картинки
ethereum tokens эмиссия ethereum bitcoin trojan bitcoin вирус ethereum habrahabr invest bitcoin bitcoin проблемы киа bitcoin обменник bitcoin
chaindata ethereum polkadot ico bitcoin пополнение habrahabr bitcoin получение bitcoin bitcoin dump bitcoin frog
